Public Health Pharmacy

Concept of health, principles of health education, learning, methods and media.

• Definition of health
• Promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health services
• Factors influencing health
• Principles of health education
• Importance of health education in pharmacy
• Definition of learning and ways of learning
• Factors affecting learning
• Health education methods (Individual, Group, Mass)
• Selection criteria for health education media

Organogram, Primary Health Care, Alma Ata, PHC elements, MDG/SDG.

• Current organogram of health care system of Nepal
• Primary Health Care and Alma Ata declaration
• Principles of Primary Health Care
• Elements of Primary Health Care
• Role of pharmacist in PHC
• Millennium Development Goals and SDG health aspects

Epidemiology concepts, disease transmission, measures of morbidity/mortality/risk, epidemiological studies.

• Introduction, scope and uses of Epidemiology
• Definition and importance of Pharmacoepidemiology
• Disease transmission (Chain of Infection)
• Epidemiological triad (Agent, Host, Environment)
• Measures of morbidity (Incidence, Prevalence)
• Measures of mortality (Crude death rate, Specific death rate, Birth rate, IMR, MMR)
• Measures of risk (Relative risk, Attributable risk, Odds Ratio)
• Epidemic, Endemic and Pandemic
• Types of epidemiological studies (Descriptive, Analytical, Experimental)

Environment, water pollution, air pollution, waste management, food hygiene, occupational diseases.

• Environment, Environmental Health, Sanitation and Hygiene
• Water quality standards (Physical, chemical, biological)
• Hard and soft water, removing hardness
• Water uses: Domestic, Public, Industrial, Agricultural
• Water pollutants and health impacts
• Water purification methods (Household: Boiling, Filtration, SODIS; Large-scale: Slow/Rapid sand filtration)
• Air pollution: health effects and control measures
• Solid and liquid waste management
• Waste segregation (color-coded bins)
• Solid waste disposal: Landfilling, composting, incineration
• Liquid waste management: Soakage pit, Septic tanks
• 3R concept: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle
• Hospital waste management
• Food hygiene: importance, food intoxication vs infection
• Food fortification, additives, and adulteration
• Occupational health and safety, occupational diseases