D.Pharm · Year 2
Pharmacology I
Drug actions on living organisms — pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, clinical uses, and doses.
6 units42 topics140 exam marks
Practise Pharmacology IUnits & topics
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1General Pharmacology9 topics · 25 marks
Basic terminologies, routes of drug administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dose-response, and receptors.
- Basic terminologies of pharmacology
- Nomenclature and sources of drugs
- Routes of drug administration (advantages/disadvantages)
- Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
- Pharmacodynamics: Principles and mechanisms of drug action
- Factors affecting drug action
- Dose-response relationship
- LD50, ED50, Therapeutic index, Safety, Potency, Efficacy, Toxicity
- Theories and classification of receptors
2Gastrointestinal Drugs4 topics · 20 marks
Drugs used in peptic ulcer, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
- Drugs used in Peptic ulcer: Aluminium hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, Ranitidine, Omeprazole, Sucralfate
- Antiemetic drugs: Domperidone, Ondansetron, Promethazine
- Antidiarrheal: Loperamide, ORS
- Drugs used in constipation: Isapgol husk, Bisacodyl, Castor oil, Lactulose
3NSAIDs and Antipyretic Analgesics4 topics · 15 marks
Pain, pyrexia, inflammation, NSAIDs classification, and drugs for gout/rheumatoid arthritis.
- Definitions: Pain, pyrexia, inflammation, analgesics, antipyretics
- Pharmacological classification of NSAIDs
- Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Mefenamic acid, Diclofenac, Paracetamol, Aspirin, Etoricoxib, Ketorolac
- Drugs for gout and rheumatoid arthritis: Colchicine, Allopurinol, Febuxostat, Gold compounds, Methotrexate, Methylprednisolone
4Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System5 topics · 20 marks
Cholinergic, anticholinergic, adrenergic, and antiadrenergic drugs.
- Physiology of ANS
- Cholinergic drugs: Pilocarpine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine
- Anticholinergic drugs: Atropine, Hyoscine
- Adrenergic drugs: Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dopamine
- Antiadrenergic drugs: Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, Atenolol, Metoprolol
5Respiratory System Drugs3 topics · 10 marks
Drugs used in cough, asthma, and COPD.
- Anti-tussives: Codeine, Dextromethorphan
- Expectorants: Ammonium Chloride, Bromohexine
- Asthma and COPD drugs: Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Aminophylline, Tiotropium bromide, Montelukast
6Antimicrobials17 topics · 50 marks
Classification, mechanism, and clinical use of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, and antihelminthics.
- Classification of antimicrobials (mechanism, spectrum, organism type)
- General principles of antimicrobial therapy
- Sulphonamides: Co-trimoxazole, Silver sulfadiazine
- Penicillins: Benzyl penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Imipenem
- Cephalosporins: Cefadroxil, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefpodoxime
- Beta-lactamase inhibitors: Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam
- Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Doxycycline
- Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin
- Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
- Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones: Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin
- Antitubercular (1st line: INH, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol; 2nd line: PAS, Cycloserine, Ciprofloxacin)
- Antileprotic: Dapsone, Clofazimine
- Antifungal: Nystatin, Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole
- Antiviral: Acyclovir, Remdesivir, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Tenofovir
- Antimalarial: Chloroquine, Primaquine, Quinine, Artemisinin derivatives
- Antiprotozoal: Metronidazole, Diloxanide furoate, Tinidazole
- Antihelminthic: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Diethylcarbamazine citrate